The Pensky-Martens Flash Point Apparatus (Close Cup) is a precision laboratory instrument used to determine the closed-cup flash point of petroleum products, lubricating oils, and other flammable liquids in accordance with standard test methods such as ASTM D93 and IS 1448 (P:21). It helps identify the temperature at which vapors of a sample ignite momentarily under specified conditions, e n s u ri n g p r o d u c t s a f e t y a n d q u a l it y c o m p l i a n c e . The apparatus consists of a brass test cup (close type) fitted with a tightly sealed lid having an ignition device, stirrer, and thermometer mount. The cup is placed in a heating bath—either electrically heated or gas operated